THE  INTER-RELATION  OF 


OCIAL  MOVEMENTS 

WITH 

INFORMATION  ABOUT  SIXTY-SEVENS,?^ 
ORGANIZATIONS  S('*HOQi 


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PUBLISHED  BY 

THE  CHARITY  ORGANIZATION  DEPARTMENT 

OF  THE  RUSSELL  SAGE  FOUNDATION 
NEW  YORK 
1910 


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THE  INTER-RELATION  OF 
SOCIAL  MOVEMENTS 

I.  THE  TREND 

For  the  purposes  of  this  little  pamphlet  the  term 
“social  movement”  is  used  arbitrarily.  Political,  trade 
and  learned  societies  have  been  excluded,  and  religious 
organizations  (except  those  that  had  primarily  a  social 
aim)  and  movements  confining  their  operations  to  one 
or  two  states  also  have  been  excluded.  This  leaves 
a  number  of  propagandist  bodies,  some  of  which  are 
the  national  development  of  local  movements  and 
others  of  wrhich  are  organized  “from  the  top  down”; 
it  leaves,  too,  the  annual  conferences  and  conventions 
of  social  workers.  To  such  of  these  remaining  bodies 
as  seemed  to  have  social  betterment  for  their  chief  aim 
a  circular  letter  has  been  sent  asking  for  a  brief  state¬ 
ment  of  their  purposes  and  plans.  Some  have  not  re¬ 
sponded,  so  that  even  within  its  limitations  the  pub¬ 
lished  list  beginning  on  page  II  is  not  complete. 

In  preparing  this  list  and  this  introduction,  the  aim 
has  been  to  promote  acquaintance,  and  to  make  a  few 
practical  suggestions  about  the  details  of  working  to¬ 
gether. 

It  may  be  worth  while  to  turn  aside  for  a  moment, 
however,  and  note  the  trend  of  development  as  shown 
by  the  dates  of  organization  of  the  sixty-seven  agencies 
that  have  responded.  If,  as  President  Butler  says, 
such  voluntary  organizations  as  these  have  a  great  in¬ 
fluence  upon  American  life,  if  they  are  no  small  factor 
in  building  up  “a  common  national  consciousness  and 
a  common  national  interest,”  then  the  order  of  their 
appearance,  even  in  this  partial  list,  is  worth  noting. 
The  following  table  shows  this  order  by  decades.  The 
exact  year  of  organization  will  be  found  in  the  printed 
list  immediately  after  the  title  of  each  agency. 

i 


Table  Showing  the  Dates  of  Organizations  Herein  Listed 


Organized  in  the 

40’s 

50’s 

60’s 

70’s 

80’s 

90’s 

1900’s 

Total 

I.  Social  Service 

(general)  .  •  . 

1 

1 

3 

5 

10 

II.  Children  .... 

2 

7 

9 

III.  Education  .  .  . 

1 

1 

1 

3 

6 

IV.  Health . 

2 

4 

8 

14 

V.  Industry  .... 

2 

4 

6 

VI.  Immigration .  .  - 

2 

1 

3 

VII.  Religion  with  So¬ 
cial  Aim  .»  .  . 

1 

1 

2 

7 

11 

VIII.  Temperance .  .  . 

1 

1 

.  . 

2 

IX.  Prison  Reform  .  . 

1 

2 

3 

X.  City  Problems.  .  . 

1 

2 

3 

2 

1 

1 

9 

3 

12 

39 

67 

After  the  order  in  which  these  movements  have 
emerged,  the  most  striking  fact  in  the  table  is  the  trebly 
accelerated  activity  of  the  last  ten  years.  The  oldest 
organization  is  an  association  of  alienists;  in  the  '50’s 
comes  an  educational  association;  then  the  Society  of 
St.  Vincent  de  Paul  ;  then,  in  the  ’70's,  marked  national 
activity  becomes  apparent,  and  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  the 
International  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  the  National  Conference 
of  Charities,  and  the  Prison  Association  all  belong  in 
this  decade.  Except  for  two  organizations  started  for 
the  promotion  of  social  and  industrial  welfare  by  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  and  for  the  American 
Red  Cross,  there  is  nothing  in  the  '8o's.  It  was  a 
period  of  great  organizing  activity,  following  as  it  did 
close  upon  the  Centennial,  but  this  activity  seems  to 
have  been  intensely  local.  Children's  charities,  women's 
clubs,  charity  organization  societies,  and  many  other 
co-operative  efforts  were  multiplying  themselves,  but 
none  of  these  had  yet  found  national  expression.  The 
'90's  brought  social  settlements,  civic  betterment  asso¬ 
ciations,  and  the  first  movements  for  the  regulation  of 
industry  and  of  immigration.  And  now,  from  1900 
on,  we  have  a  host  of  new  movements;  the  rights 
of  childhood  are  rediscovered  in  detail,  the  great  wave 
of  interest  in  public  health  finds  expression,  the  Chris¬ 
tian  church  organizes  for  social  work,  and  the  most 


characteristic  note  of  the  time  is  struck  by  the  crusades 
against  the  preventable  causes  of  poverty,  such  as  child 
labor,  overcrowding  and  tuberculosis. 

II.  THE  INEVITABLE  NEXT  STEP 

The  problems  of  society  have  been  broken  up  in 
order  to  deal  with  them  more  effectively.  We  are  pass¬ 
ing  at  the  moment  through  a  period  of  social  analysis 
and  specialization.  Every  fact,  every  tendency  suggests 
the  next  step.  Throughout  the  whole  field  of  social 
reform  we  need,  not  organic  union,  but  an  exchange 
of  insights  which,  correcting  and  supplementing  one 
another,  may  not  only  enlarge  our  conception  of  the 
whole  but  may  greatly  enrich  social  work  in  all  its 
parts  by  the  co-operative  working  out  of  effective  and 
significant  details.  In  other  words,  we  need,  while  the 
process  of  specialization  still  goes  forward,  a  synthesis, 
a  linking  together  of  specialties. 

To  say  that  social  movements  should  be  related  is  to 
make  one  of  those  self-evident  statements  which  deaden 
all  the  mental  faculties;  without  the  concrete  details, 
the  definite  process,  no  sane  being  can  be  brought  to 
think  about  the  matter. 

By  way  of  developing  these  details,  more  especially 
on  the  field-work  side,  seventeen  of  the  national  organi¬ 
zations  herein  listed  are  sending  representatives  to  an 
informal  luncheon  meeting  twice  a  year.  There  are 
one  hundred  and  seventeen  field  agents  in  the  employ 
of  these  seventeen  agencies.  They  travel  all  over  the 
country,  doing  organizing  and  propagandist  work  of 
many  kinds.  This  is  not  the  place  in  which  to  con¬ 
sider  the  technical  side  of  their  efforts  to  help  one 
another,  though  it  was  at  one  of  these  luncheons  of 
national  movements  that  the  publication  of  this  pam¬ 
phlet  was  suggested. 

The  local  side  of  the  inter-relation  of  social  move¬ 
ments  obviously  is  the  side  to  be  dwelt  upon  here.  In 
many  places  the  local  women’s  clubs  and  settlements, 
the  local  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  charity  organiza¬ 
tion  society,  church  charities,  health  crusade,  play¬ 
grounds,  boys’  clubs  and  working  girls’  clubs,  public  de- 


3 


partments,  children's  charities  and  juvenile  court  are  all 
working  out  the  problem  of  their  relations  to  one  an¬ 
other  with  intelligence  and  devotion,  but  in  other 
places,  and  these,  too,  are  many,  their  co-operation  is 
still  so  rudimentary7  as  to  be  not  unlike  the  movements 
of  the  giant  of  fable.  He  was  a  stupid  giant  often, 
who  used  his  splendid  strength  wastefully,  whose  eye 
was  always  saying  to  his  hand,  “I  have  no  need  of 
thee,"  and  his  head  to  his  feet,  “I  have  no  need  of 
you."  A  course  of  exercises  in  such  a  place,  intended 
to  co-ordinate  the  local  philanthropic  giant’s  members, 
might  include 

1.  A  know-your-own-city  program. 

2.  A  better  utilization  of  volunteers  in  social  work. 

3.  A  strengthening  of  each  agency  in  turn  at  the 
point  where  its  work  intersects  the  work  of  some  other 
important  social  activity. 

4.  A  study  of  each  local  organization  in  relation 
to  the  ideals  and  achievements  of  its  national  prototype. 

III.  KNOW  YOUR  OWN  CITY 

Co-operation  abhors  a  vacuum.  Here  is  a  list  of 
the  social  facts  with  reference  to  his  own  city  or  town 
that  each  student  in  the  Charity  Organization  Insti¬ 
tute  of  the  New  York  School  of  Philanthropy  has 
been  asked  to  bring  to  the  School,  when  he  attends 
the  four  weeks’  normal  course  in  June.  Some  of  these 
questions  were  framed  to  test  the  powers  of  observa¬ 
tion  and  deduction  of  students  all  of  whom  are  now 
actively  engaged  in  charity  organization  work,  but, 
with  few  changes,  the  outline  might  serve  as  the  be¬ 
ginning  of  a  local  study  for  many  other  kinds  of  social 
workers.  At  first  it  may  seem  going  far  afield  to  ask 
one  whose  work  is  the  relief  of  distress  and  the  co¬ 
ordination  of  charitable  work  to  consider  infant  mor¬ 
tality,  the  growth  of  the  foreign  population,  and  the 
seasonal  character  of  local  industries,  but,  as  a  matter  of 
fact,  he  may  easily  need  to  know  all  these  things  in 
order  to  deal  more  justly  and  more  helpfully  with  just 
one  destitute  Lithuanian  peasant  woman.  And  he  will 
find  a  knowledge  of  the  local  needs  in  the  fields  of 


4 


recreation,  housing,  and  tuberculosis  very  necessary  in 
any  effort  to  co-operate  with  the  agencies  that  are  try¬ 
ing  to  meet  these  needs. 

Social  Outline 

I.  POPULATION 

a.  Population  at  last  United  States  Census. 

b.  Your  estimate  of  the  increase  which  the  forthcoming 

census  will  show. 

c.  What  foreign  elements  did  the  last  census  show  and 

in  what  proportion  for  each  nationality? 

d.  Will  there  be  any  marked  changes  in  these  proportions 

in  the  1910  census? 

e.  What  forces  are  Americanizing  your  foreign  groups? 

II.  LOCATION 

What  geographical  or  climatic  conditions  are,  in  your 
opinion,  important  factors  in  the  social  situation? 

III.  INDUSTRIES 

a.  What  is  the  total  per  capita  wealth? 

b.  What  are  the  leading  industries? 

c.  What  relations  do  these  have  to  your  poverty  problem? 

d.  What  are  the  wages  in  these  industries  for  unskilled 

labor  and  what  proportion  of  those  employed  are  un¬ 
skilled  ? 

e.  To  what  extent  are  these  industries  seasonal? 

f.  What  is  the  relative  proportion  of  women  employed? 

g.  Of  children  employed? 

h.  In  what  proportion  are  the  proprietors  or  chief  corpo¬ 

ration  officers  of  large  industrial  plants  residents  and 
non-residents? 

IV.  HEALTH 

a.  What  are  the  powers  of  the  Board  of  Health? 

b.  What  is  the  death  rate? 

c.  What  is  the  death  rate  for  children  under  one  year? 

Or  for  those  under  five,  if  the  other  figure  is  not 
obtainable? 

d.  What  is  the  tuberculosis  death  rate? 

e.  What  are  the  ordinances  regulating  sewage  connection 

and  water  supply? 

f.  What  is  the  tuberculosis  situation? 

g.  What  is  the  housing  situation? 

V.  CONDITIONS  SURROUNDING  CHILDREN 

a.  What  are  the  state  laws  governing  school  attendance 

and  child  labor,  and  how  well  are  these  enforced? 

b.  What  are  the  types  of  amusement  for  the  young?  De¬ 

scribe  the  playground  situation. 

c.  How  are  juvenile  delinquents  dealt  with? 

d.  Has  any  progress  been  made  in  the  socialisation  of  the 

public  school? 


5 


VI.  CHARITIES 

a.  What  social  tasks  has  private  charity  undertaken  in 

your  community? 

b.  Describe  the  local  relief  situation  both  public  and  pri¬ 

vate. 

c.  What  definite  relations  do  your  charities  have  to  one 

another? 

d.  What  is  the  attitude  of  your  commercial  bodies  toward 

social  work? 

e.  What  is  the  attitude  of  the  churches? 

f.  Of  the  newspapers? 

g.  Of  the  city  officials? 

Some  of  this  information  can  be  had  from  the  United 
States  Census,  some  can  be  supplied  by  city  and  state 
officials,  and  some  must  be  sought  from  business  men 
and  individual  social  workers.  The  Playground  Asso¬ 
ciation  (see  page  17)  can  supply  an  outline  of  facts 
needed  to  test  the  local  playground  situation,  and  in 
Mr.  Lawrence  Veiller’s  new  book  on  “Housing  Re¬ 
form”  will  be  found  the  details  needed  for  a  study  of 
local  housing  situations.  It  is  not  necessary  to  wait 
until  a  complete  social  survey  has  been  made  of  a  com¬ 
munity  before  trying  to  secure  such  an  outline  as  is 
here  given,  though  it  is  true  that  a  complete  survey, 
especially  one  in  which  there  is  a  co-operative  gathering 
of  the  facts,  is  not  only  a  splendid  exercise  in  working 
together  but  also  a  good  basis  for  all  future  relations. 

IV.  UTILIZE  THE  VOLUNTEER 

The  fabric  of  social  reform  becomes  a  more  service¬ 
able  piece  of  goods  when  we  multiply  our  points  of 
contact;  we  multiply  our  points  of  contact  when  we 
utilize  the  volunteer  service  of  many  kinds  of  people. 
Merely  to  induce  a  number  of  people  to  see  bad  living 
conditions  with  their  own  eyes  and  to  feel  some  fellow¬ 
ship  with  those  who  must  endure  such  conditions,  is 
to  take  a  long  step  toward  finding  a  remedy.  The 
writer  once  found  amusing  confirmation  of  this  theory 
of  the  multiplication  of  contacts  when  she  discovered 
that  the  president  of  a  very  unco-operative  agency  had 
suddenly  been  converted  to  full  acceptance  of  the  char¬ 
ity  organization  program  by  a  young  cousin  who  had 
only  very  recently  become  a  volunteer  visitor  of  the  local 


6 


charity  organization  society.  Arguments  had  been  of 
no  avail,  but  the  enthusiasm  of  a  cousin  and  of  a  first 
cousin  at  that  had  been  more  effective. 

The  system  of  sending  to  families  in  distress  volun¬ 
teer  friendly  visitors,  provided  always  that  these  have 
the  guidance  of  experienced  charity  organization  work¬ 
ers,  is  an  admirable  means  of  introduction  to  social 
work;  so  is  volunteer  work  in  settlements.  A  Social 
Seminar  which  meets  at  one  of  the  Buffalo  churches 
has  been  making  good  use  of  volunteers  in  its  study 
of  local  social  conditions.  Each  topic  is  assigned  to 
a  separate  group  of  volunteer  investigators,  working 
under  a  group  leader,  who  is  responsible  for  one  Semi¬ 
nar  meeting  during  the  year.  Of  the  twelve  group 
leaders,  two  are  clergymen  of  different  faiths,  four 
are  professional  social  workers,  four  are  business  or 
professional  men,  two  are  women  volunteers.  Only 
a  small  part  of  the  material  collected  could  be  pre¬ 
sented  at  the  Seminar,  but  it  has  been  utilized  in  other 
ways.  The  topics  covered  this  year  were  as  follows: 

1.  Discussion  of  map  showing  the  distribution  of  races 

and  religions,  and  the  location  of  the  railroads  and 

factories,  of  parks  and  playgrounds,  of  settlements 

and  missions,  of  saloons,  etc. 

2.  Education — Public,  parochial,  technical  and  night 

schools. 

3.  Recreation — Social  clubs,  saloons,  cheap  theatres,  parks, 

playgrounds,  etc. 

4.  The  Poles — Their  occupations,  wages,  housing,  stand= 

ards  of  living,  citizenship,  etc. 

5.  Other  Nationalities — The  Germans,  Italians,  Syrians, 

Greeks,  etc. 

6.  Labor  of  Women  and  Children. 

7.  Labor  in  Mercantile  Establishments — Wages,  hours, 

welfare  work,  sweatshops,  etc. 

8.  Labor  in  Factories — Wages,  hours,  accidents,  occupa¬ 

tional  diseases,  etc. 

9.  Local  Labor  Unions — What  they  stand  for,  and  what 

they  are  doing. 

10.  The  Decencies  which  a  Laborer’s  Wage  in  Buffalo 

Forbids. 

11.  The  Forces  which  Make  for  Americanization  and  the 

Forces  which  Hamper  it. 

12.  The  Church  as  a  Social  Factor  in  Buffalo. 


7 


There  are  many  other  ways,  some  of  them  still  to 
be  worked  out,  by  which  the  churches  may  avail  them¬ 
selves  of  the  method  and  experience  of  the  specialized 
secular  agencies,  and  by  which  the  secular  agencies,  in 
turn,  may  avail  themselves  of  the  church’s  power  to 
kindle  right  motives  and  generous  impulses. 

Closely  related  to  the  development  of  volunteer  serv¬ 
ice  is  the  development  of  a  high  standard  of  trained 
professional  service  in  social  work.  Other  things  being 
equal,  volunteers  are  best  won  and  best  helped  to  a 
fine  ideal  of  democratic  service  in  those  agencies  which 
employ  thoroughly  well-trained  paid  workers.  At  the 
informal  conferences  of  paid  secretaries  and  national 
organizers  already  referred  to  there  is  but  one  opinion 
about  this:  All  are  agreed  that  it  is  far  better  to  or¬ 
ganize  in  each  locality  more  slowly,  to  wait  some 
months  or  even  a  year  or  two  until  moral  and  finan¬ 
cial  support  is  sufficiently  assured  to  attract  and  hold 
the  best  procurable  trained  worker  in  the  country.  The 
right  man  not  only  knows  how  to  study  the  local  situ¬ 
ation  as  a  whole,  and  not  only  attracts  volunteers,  but 
he  renders  the  highest  possible  service  in  strengthening 
the  relations  of  local  agencies  to  one  another. 

V.  DEVELOP  AT  THE  POINT  OF  INTERSECTION 

Another  way  of  strengthening  the  whole  fabric  of 
social  reform  is  to  study  our  own  work  carefully  at  its 
point  of  intersection  with  some  other  useful  form  of 
service,  and  then  do  our  utmost  to  strengthen  it  just 
there.  By  making  ourselves  as  useful  as  possible  at 
this  point,  or  at  these  points,  we  strengthen  our  own 
agency.  We  realize  our  own  aim  best  in  serving  some 
other  but  related  social  aim.  When  a  charity  organi¬ 
zation  society  assumes  new  burdens  in  order  to  render 
the  enforcement  of  a  new  child  labor  law  possible,  it 
strengthens  its  own  work  even  more  than  it  strengthens 
the  child  labor  cause,  because  its  workers  learn  to  deal 
with  a  large  group  of  needy  families  more  thoroughly, 
its  directors  get  a  clearer  idea  of  the  work’s  impor¬ 
tance  to  the  community,  and  the  community  is  more 
willing  to  turn  to  it  for  guidance  and  to  give  it  sup* 


port  in  other  social  advance  measures.  When  a  play¬ 
ground  management  is  careful  to  make  connection  for 
its  graduates  with  the  appropriate  clubs  and  classes,  it 
gives  the  community  a  better  playground.  When  a  re¬ 
lief  agency  is  willing  to  meet  the  tuberculosis  nurses 
more  than  half  way  in  planning  aid  that  will  really 
cure  the  disease,  it  gains  a  kind  of  experience  that 
reacts  favorably  upon  all  its  work. 

Sometimes  specialists  wear  blinders.  A  tuberculosis 
specialist  who  was  remonstrated  with  for  permitting 
families  to  send  their  children  during  school  hours  to 
a  milk  station  under  his  control,  excused  himself  on 
the  ground  that  children  from  such  germ-laden  homes 
were  far  better  off  out  of  school.  Obviously  here  was 
one  whose  frame  of  mind  was  calculated  to  alienate 
the  interest  of  educators  in  all  his  health  policies,  some 
of  which  were  admirable.  He  missed  also  that  better 
and  saner  view  of  his  own  work  which  comes  from  a 
willingness  to  study  the  vrork  of  others  with  sym¬ 
pathy.  A  German  psychologist  tells  us  that  we  learn 
to  skate  in  the  summer  and  to  swim  in  the  winter. 
This  is  not  only  sound  psychology,  it  is  sound  social 
reform. 

VI.  STUDY  THE  NATIONAL  PROTOTYPE 

One  of  the  field  workers  around  the  table  suggested 
that  too  often  we  misjudge  a  whole  social  movement 
by  the  one  unfortunate  local  example  that  we  happen 
to  know  best.  We  should  know  such  work  at  its  best, 
studying,  through  correspondence  with  the  national 
headquarters,  achievements  elsewhere  and  practicable 
plans  for  further  development.  In  the  light  of  this 
knowledge  we  shall  be  better  prepared  to  improve  the 
local  situation.  Our  social  ideas,  to  paraphrase  George 
Eliot,  are  like  melodies,  which  are  taken  up  by  all 
sorts  of  instruments,  “some  of  them  woefully  coarse, 
feeble  or  out  of  tune,  until  people  are  in  danger  of 
crying  out  that  the  melody  itself  is  detestable.”  We 
must  cultivate  a  pretty  wide  tolerance,  indeed,  not  only 
for  the  instruments  but  for  the  ideas. 


9 


VII.  A  SOCIAL  SYNTHESIS 


We  need  the  specialties  and  many  of  them,  though 
the  rapidity  of  their  recent  development  in  the  field 
of  social  work  is  only  equalled  by  their  development 
in  the  field  of  medicine.  They  have  greatly  enriched 
the  field  already  and  will  enrich  it  still  more  when  we 
learn  to  use  them  more  intelligently.  But  is  their 
more  co-operative  development  impossible?  When  we 
try  to  rehabilitate  a  family  we  have  learned  that,  first, 
the  circumstances  must  be  understood,  and  that  then 
all  who  are  interested  in  their  fortunes  must  work  to¬ 
gether,  on  a  plan  co-operatively  thought  out,  to  get  the 
thing  done  which  will  put  them  on  their  feet.  Could 
not  our  social  movements  agree,  in  time,  to  deal  with 
the  needs  of  communities  in  this  same  way?  Could 
they  not  agree  to  make  a  social  diagnosis  and  then  de¬ 
cide  together  upon  the  next  thing  that  most  needed  to 
be  done  in  that  particular  place? 

There  is  a  logical  order  of  social  development,  and 
many  organizations  die  because  they  are  born  out  of 
due  season.  Overstimulation  of  any  particular  social 
activity  by  a  campaign  of  publicity  which  is  not  care¬ 
fully  followed  up  by  personal  field  work  and  by  a  series 
of  delicate  adjustments  to  local  needs,  increases  this 
death  rate.  We  ought,  as  time  goes  on,  and  our  social 
work  becomes  even  more  highly  specialized  than  it  is 
now,  to  build  up  a  social  synthesis,  a  careful  technique 
of  inter-relations,  involving  much  more  careful  prepa¬ 
ration  of  the  ground  for  both  our  legislative  and  our 
field  operations,  and  then  a  generous  making  way  for 
one  another,  a  hearty  lending  a  hand  to  one  another 
for  the  sake  of  the  harvest. 


MARY  E.  RICHMOND. 


A  LIST  OF  SOCIAL  MOVEMENTS 

exclusive  of  political  organizations,  religious  bodies  (except 
those  having  primarily  a  social  aim)  and  learned  societies; 
exclusive  also  of  movements  confining  their  operations  to  one 
or  two  states.  Even  within  these  limits  the  list  is  not  com¬ 
plete,  and  the  inclusion  of  a  movement  does  not  indicate  espe¬ 
cial  commendation  or  its  omission  any  criticism.  An  omission 
sometimes  means  that  the  desired  information  was  not  re¬ 


ceived  in  time  to  be  included. 

I.  Social  Service  (general)  .  n 

II.  Children  .  15 

III.  Education  .  18 

IV.  Health  .  19 

V.  Industry  .  23 

VI.  Immigration  .  25 

VII.  Religion  With  a  Social  Aim  .  26 

VIII.  Temperance  .  30 

IX.  Prison  Reform .  30 

X.  City  Problems  .  31 


See  also  index  at  end  of  this  pamphlet. 

I.  SOCIAL  SERVICE  (GENERAL). 

American  Institute  of  Social  Service  (1898).  Bible 
House,  Astor  Place,  New  York  City,  Dr.  Josiah  Strong, 
President.  Purpose:  To  serve  as  a  clearing  house  for  facts, 
experiences  and  ideas  on  social  and  industrial  betterment. 
Plans:  To  create  a  museum  of  municipal  facts  and  photo¬ 
graphs,  and  a  museum  of  the  laws  of  all  countries  touching 
social  problems.  Those  interested  may  consult  its  large 
specialized  library  and  its  department  of  expert  information, 
and  may  borrow  books  and  documents  so  far  as  the  library 
contains  duplicates.  The  Institute  has  several  thousand  nega¬ 
tives  of  social  subjects  from  which  lantern  slides  may  be 
made  to  order,  conducts  a  lectureship  on  social  subjects,  ar¬ 
ranges  for  special  investigations,  prepares  bibliographies, 
and  has  five  hundred  classes  in  the  United  States  and  Canada 
on  social  questions.  All  its  services  are  free  except  special 
investigation. 


11 


American  National  Red  Cross  (1881  re-organized  1905). 
Ernest  P.  Bicknell,  National  Director,  Union  Trust  Building, 
Washington,  D.  C. ;  Charles  L.  Magee,  341  State,  War  and 
Navy  Building,  Secretary.  Purpose:  To  furnish  aid  to 
the  sick  and  wounded  of  armies  in  time  of  wrar;  to  carry 
on  in  time  of  peace  a  system  of  national  and  international 
relief  for  those  suffering  from  pestilence,  famine,  fire,  flood 
and  other  national  calamities,  and  to  devise  and  carry  on 
measures  for  preventing  the  same.  Plans:  To  complete  an 
effective  organization  for  the  realization  of  these  objects.  Has 
twenty-four  subsidiary  state  boards.  Annual  meeting  in  Wash¬ 
ington  in  December.  Publishes  leaflets  describing  the  work  of 
the  Red  Cross  and  the  Red  Cross  Bulletin,  a  quarterly  maga¬ 
zine. 

Charity  Organization  Department  of  the  Russell 
Sage  Foundation  (1909).  Room  613,  105  E.  Twenty- 
second  Street,  New  York  City,  Miss  Mary  E.  Richmond, 
Director.  Purpose:  To  extend  charity  organization  work  in 
communities  where  it  has  not  yet  taken  root  and  in  com¬ 
munities  desiring  to  increase  its  local  efficiency;  to  gather  up 
the  best  experience  of  existing  associated  charities  or  charity 
organization  societies  and  give  it  currency.  Plans:  Corre¬ 
spondence  with  any  community  interested;  field  secretary  sent, 
whenever  possible,  to  make  a  brief  social  inquiry  as  to  local 
conditions  and  secure  local  co-operation;  report  of  findings 
submitted;  form  of  organization  or  reorganization  suggested 
and  service  given  in  working  it  out;  trained  worker  recom¬ 
mended  on  request.  Inter-city  conferences  of  societies 
have  been  organized;  use  of  a  transportation  agreement  and 
code,  to  assure  kinder  and  more  adequate  care  of  the  transient 
poor,  is  being  urged  upon  all  public  and  private  charities; 
a  study  of  the  methods  of  caring  for  dependent  widows  with 
children  is  under  way;  a  summer  institute  for  paid  charity 
organization  wmrkers  is  to  be  held  in  co-operation  with  the 
New  York  School  of  Philanthropy.  There  are  two  hundred 
and  thirty-three  charity  organization  societies  in  America. 
Any  other  movement  that  can  lend  them  a  hand  in  furthering 
the  working  together  spirit  in  their  several  communities  will 
often  find  that  its  own  special  aims  can  be  advanced  by  these 
societies.  The  Department  publishes  a  number  of  pamphlets, 


13 


a  transportation  code,  and  a  monthly  Charity  Organization 
Bulletin  for  the  use  of  charity  organization  workers  in  de¬ 
veloping  a  good  technique. 

Council  of  Jewish  Women  (1893).  44$  Central  Park 

West,  New  York  City,  Miss  Sadie  American,  Executive  Secre¬ 
tary.  Purpose:  To  bring  about  a  union  of  Jewish  women 
for  conference  and  work;  to  further  united  efforts  in  be¬ 
half  of  Judaism  and  in  the  work  of  social  betterment  through 
religion,  philanthropy  and  education.  Plans:  To  extend  its 
work  on  the  blind,  immigrant  aid  and  hospital  service.  Other 
departments  are  work  for  girls,  district  nursing,  tuberculosis, 
education,  peace,  religious  study,  purity  of  press.  Invites 
correspondence  on  all  these  lines.  Organized  in  fifty-seven 
cities  and  twenty-six  states.  Triennial  convention  in  1911. 
Publishes  bulletins  and  leaflets. 

General  Federation  of  Women’s  Clubs  (1890).  Mrs. 
P.  N.  Moore,  3125  Lafayette  Ave.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  President. 
Purpose:  To  bring  into  communication  the  various  women’s 
clubs.  It  works  under  the  following  standing  committees: 
Art,  civic,  civil  service,  reform,  education,  food,  sanita¬ 
tion,  forestry,  household  economics,  industrial  and  child  labor, 
legislative,  library  and  literature.  Invites  correspondence  and 
offers  co-operative  effort  on  standing  committee  topics.  There 
are  forty-eight  state  federations.  Biennial  meeting,  last  one 
in  Cincinnati,  O.,  May  10-18,  1910. 

National  Conference  of  Charities  and  Correction 
(1874).  Alexander  Johnson,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  General 
Secretary.  Purpose:  To  diffuse  trustworthy  information  and 
stimulate  right  sentiment  on  the  many  difficult  problems  of 
charity  and  correction  by  holding  public  meetings  in  various 
cities  throughout  the  country.  The  conference  is  divided  into 
a  number  of  sections  covering  topics  which  vary  somewhat 
from  year  to  year.  The  sections  for  1910  are  on  reports  from 
states ;  state  supervision  and  administration ;  families  and 
neighborhoods ;  the  school  and  the  community ;  children ; 
health  and  sanitation;  occupational  standards;  lawbreakers; 
publicity;  statistics;  remedial  loans.  Annual  conference  usu¬ 
ally  in  May  or  June.  The  proceedings  of  these  conferences 


13 


for  the  last  thirty-six  years  form  an  American  encyclopedia 
of  social  reform.  A  number  of  other  smaller  conferences 
usually  meet  in  the  same  city  just  before  or  immediately  after 
the  Conference  of  Charities. 

National  Conference  of  Jewish  Charities  (1900).  41 1 
West  Fayette  Street,  Baltimore,  Md.,  Louis  H.  Levin,  Secretary. 
Purpose:  To  discuss  the  problems  of  charities  and  to  promote 
reforms  in  their  administration ;  to  provide  uniformity  of  ac¬ 
tion  and  co-operation  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  relief 
and  betterment  of  the  Jewish  poor,  especially  in  regard  to 
furnishing  transportation  to  dependent  individuals  and  fam¬ 
ilies.  Constituent  societies  in  nearly  one  hundred  cities. 
Annual  conference  usually  in  May  and  often  in  the  same  city 
as  the  National  Conference  of  Charities  and  Correction 
(see  page  13). 

National  Federation  of  Remedial  Loan  Societies 
(1909).  W.  N.  Finley,  9  E.  Lexington  Street,  Baltimore,  Md., 
Chairman.  Purpose:  To  promote  remedial  loan  work;  to  as¬ 
sist  in  the  organization  of  societies  wherever  needed  by  giving 
advice  and  information  concerning  legislation,  finance  and 
problems  of  administration;  to  compel,  by  the  voluntary  as¬ 
sociation  of  all  in  sympathy  with  the  movement,  recognition 
of  the  laws  regulating  chattel,  salary  and  pawning  loans. 
Fourteen  societies  are  members.  Annual  meeting  in  connec¬ 
tion  with  the  National  Conference  of  Charities  and  Correction 
(see  page  13).  Publishes  report  of  proceedings  of  1909  con¬ 
ference. 

Russell  Sage  Foundation  (1907).  Room  511,  105  E. 
Twenty-second  Street,  New  York  City,  John  M.  Glenn,  Gen¬ 
eral  Director.  Purpose:  To  improve  social  and  living  con¬ 
ditions  in  the  United  States  of  America;  to  conduct  researches 
and  campaigns  of  education,  publish  studies  and  organize 
benevolent  activities  that  have  this  end  in  view.  Department 
of  Child-Helping  (see  page  15),  Department  of  Child  Hy¬ 
giene  (see  page  16),  Charity  Organization  Department  (see 
page  12),  Committee  on  the  Prevention  of  Blindness  (see  page 
21).  Among  other  activities,  finances  departments  of  re- 


search  in  four  schools  of  philanthropy,  and  housing  tu¬ 
berculosis  and  remedial  loan  campaigns.  Financed  the 
Pittsburg  Survey.  Publishes  a  number  of  volumes  on  so¬ 
cial  conditions;  for  particulars  of  these  address  Charities  Pub¬ 
lication  Committee,  105  E.  Twenty-second  Street,  New  York 
City. 

Survey  Magazine  (1905).  105  E.  Twenty-second  Street, 

New  York  City,  Edward  T.  Devine,  Editor.  Purpose:  To 
act  as  a  medium  for  exchange  of  views  and  experience  by 
social  workers;  to  interpret  social  work  to  the  public  and 
awaken  public  interest  in  the  social  view  point.  Plans:  To 
accomplish  this  by  publishing  the  Survey  magazine  and  the 
books  and  reports  of  the  Russell  Sage  Foundation,  by  distri¬ 
bution  of  literature  on  social  subjects,  and  by  a  press  service 
which  reaches  the  general  public  through  magazines  and 
newspapers.  In  specific  cases  it  stirs  other  bodies  into  action 
in  promoting  the  common  welfare.  The  Survey  has  sub¬ 
scribers  in  every  state;  its  press  service  reaches  one  hundred 
newspapers  in  one  hundred  of  our  largest  cities.  It  invites 
correspondence  on  all  social  subjects,  and  will  supply,  on 
request,  lists  of  books  for  working  libraries  on  social  and  civic 
reform  and  public  health. 


II.  CHILDREN. 

Chi!d=Helping  Department  of  the  Russell  Sage 
Foundation  (1909).  Room  616,  105  E.  Twenty-second  Street, 
New  York  City,  Hastings  H.  Hart,  Director.  Purpose:  To 
undertake  certain  lines  of  work  in  the  child-helping  field;  to 
furnish  advice  in  the  improvement  of  existing  child-helping 
agencies  and  in  the  development  of  new  plans.  Plans:  Studies 
are  being  made  of  child-placing  agencies  in  the  United  States ; 
of  institutional  care  of  children  in  certain  states;  of  the  rela¬ 
tive  advantages  of  cottage  and  congregate  plan  institutions 
for  children;  of  the  care  of  infants  in  institutions.  The  de¬ 
partment  is  assisting  in  the  organization  of  a  child-helping 
conference  in  Texas  and  in  the  work  of  the  Maine  Children’s 
Committee;  and  is  making  a  survey  of  the  institutions  for 
the  care  of  children  in  Virginia  for  the  State  Board  of  Char¬ 
ities  of  that  state. 


15 


Children's  Conference  for  Research  and  Welfare 

(1909).  936  Main  Street,  Worcester,  Mass.,  Dr.  Henry  S. 

Curtis,  Secretary.  Purpose:  To  promote  co-operation  among 
child-helping  organizations  and  to  make  the  results  of  re¬ 
search  more  available  for  welfare  movements.  Conference  is 
held  annually  the  first  week  in  July.  Publishes  prospectus 
and  proceedings. 

Conference  on  the  Education  of  Backward,  Truant, 
Delinquent  and  Dependent  Children  (1904).  E.  L.  Cof- 
feen,  Westboro,  Mass.,  Secretary.  Purpose:  Mutual  helpful¬ 
ness  to  those  interested  in  the  above-named  classes  of  children. 
Annual  meeting  usually  in  the  same  city  and  about  the  same 
time  as  the  National  Conference  of  Charities  and  Correction 
(see  page  13). 

Department  of  Child  Hygiene  of  the  Russell  Sage 
Foundation  (1908).  Room  9202  Metropolitan  Building,  1 
Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City,  Dr.  Luther  H.  Gulick,  Di¬ 
rector.  Purpose:  To  conduct  researches  and  promote  activ¬ 
ities  favorable  to  the  physical,  moral  and  intellectual  welfare 
of  children,  especially  public  recreation  and  the  health  and 
progress  of  school  children.  Lines  of  study  and  investigation: 
Public  baths,  public  school  athletic  leagues,  Sunday  school 
athletic  leagues,  amateurism  and  athletic  control,  play  festivals 
and  pageants  for  the  celebration  of  national  holidays,  folk 
dancing,  wider*  use  of  school  plants,  medical  inspection  of 
schools,  progress  through  the  grades,  open-air  schools,  and 
school  feeding.  Publishes  about  seventy  articles  on  these  sub¬ 
jects.  Literature,  advice,  speakers,  loan  of  lantern  slides,  press 
material,  etc.,  for  local  campaigns. 

Federated  Boys’  Clubs  (1905).  35  Congress  Street,  Bos¬ 
ton,  Mass.,  Thomas  Chew,  President.  Purpose:  By  associa¬ 
tion  of  individuals  and  clubs  to  promote  the  work  of  boys’ 
clubs  and  to  further  the  formation  of  new  clubs  where  needed ; 
to  supply  men  for  superintendents;  to  give  advice  and  furnish 
literature.  Plans:  To  undertake  a  larger  amount  of  field 
work;  to  establish  centers  all  over  the  country  similar  to 
those  recently  started  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  Germantown,  Pa. 
Annual  conference  in  June.  Publishes  a  number  of  folders  on 
this  work. 


Federation  of  Day  Nurseries  (1898).  Room  507, 
105  E.  Twenty-second  Street,  New  York  City,  Mrs.  Arthur 
M.  Dodge,  President.  Purpose:  To  act  as  a  central  bureau 
for  the  collection  of  information  in  regard  to  existing  day 
nurseries  and  for  the  publication  and  distribution  of  literature 
that  would  prove  helpful  to  those  desiring  to  start  new  ones. 
A  conference  is  held  every  two  or  three  years.  A  directory 
of  day  nurseries  and  pamphlets  on  methods  of  day  nursery 
work  are  published. 

National  Congress  of  Mothers  (1897).  806  Washington 
Loan  and  Trust  Building,  Washington,  D.  C.,  Mrs.  James  H. 
McGill,  Secretary.  Purpose:  To  raise  the  standards  of  home 
life;  to  develop  wiser,  better  trained  parenthood;  to  bring 
into  closer  relations  the  home  and  the  school ;  to  secure  by 
legislation  juvenile  courts  and  probation  officers;  to  em¬ 
phasize  the  community’s  duty  to  children,  especially  the  ne¬ 
glected  and  dependent.  The  Congress  holds  an  annual  meet¬ 
ing  and  publishes  handbooks,  leaflets,  etc. 

National  Probation  Officers’  Association  (1907). 
Roger  N.  Baldwin,  City  Hall,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Secretary.  Pur¬ 
pose:  To  nationalize  the  interest  in  probation  and  to  unify 
its  methods.  An  annual  informal  conference  is  held  at  the 
time  of  the  National  Conference  of  Charities  and  Correction 
(see  page  13).  A  handbook  is  to  be  issued  shortly. 

Playground  Association  of  America  (1906).  1  Madi¬ 

son  Avenue,  New  York  City,  H.  S.  Braucher,  Secretary. 
Purpose:  To  increase  the  efficiency  of  playgrounds  already 
established  and  to  establish  playgrounds  on  the  right  basis 
in  cities  and  towns  not  having  them,  that  eventually  every 
citizen  shall  have  an  opportunity  for  wholesome  recreation. 
It  offers  personal  consultation  and  advice;  provides  speakers 
and  arranges  for  local  institutes;  publishes  lists  of  persons 
desiring  playground  positions;  makes  statistics  and  experiences 
of  various  cities  available ;  loans  lantern  slides  and  play¬ 
ground  models;  prepares  bibliographies,  etc.  Publishes  a 
magazine,  The  Playground ,  and  pamphlets,  including  “A 
Normal  Course  in  Play,”  sold  at  cost.  An  annual  congress 
is  held,  this  year  (1910)  in  June. 


17 


III.  EDUCATION. 


American  Association  of  Instructors  of  the  Blind 
(1871).  Dr.  William  B.  Wait,  New  York  Institute  for  the 
Blind,  New  York  City,  Corresponding  Secretary.  Purpose: 
To  promote  the  educational  interests  of  the  blind.  The  As¬ 
sociation  is  composed  chiefly  of  trustees,  superintendents  and 
teachers  from  institutions  for  the  blind.  It  is  a  member  of 
the  National  Education  Association  in  Department  16,  Special 
Education.  Holds  biennial  meetings,  generally  in  July. 

National  Education  Association  (1857).  118  W.  Wa¬ 

basha  Street,  Winona,  Minn.,  Irwin  Shepard,  Secretary.  Pur¬ 
pose:  To  elevate  the  character  and  advance  the  interests 
of  the  profession  of  teaching,  and  to  promote  the  cause  of 
popular  education  in  the  United  States.  The  Association  is 
divided  into  eighteen  departments,  as  follows:  National 
council,  kindergarten,  elementary,  secondary,  higher,  normal, 
superintendence,  manual  and  art,  music,  business,  child-study, 
physical,  science,  school  administration,  library,  special,  rural 
and  agricultural,  school  patrons.  Annual  meeting  in  July. 

National  Society  for  Study  of  Education  (1895). 
S.  Chester  Parker,  Secretary,  University  of  Chicago,  Chicago, 
Ill.  Purpose:  To  study  and  investigate  important  educational 
problems.  Plans:  To  continue  investigation  of  a  special 
problem  each  year.  In  1909  it  was  Sex  in  Education,  in  1910 
Health  Education,  in  1911  (probably)  Organized  Social  and 
Community  Activities  centering  in  Use  of  School.  Annual 
meeting  at  time  and  place  of  Superintendent’s  Section  of  the 
National  Education  Association  (see  above). 

National  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Industrial 
Education  (1906).  20  W.  Forty- fourth  Street,  New  York 

City,  Edward  H.  Reisner,  Secretary.  Purpose:  To  arouse 
public  attention  to  the  need  for  industrial  education;  to  serve 
as  a  forum  for  the  discussion  of  various  problems  involved, 
and  to  print  and  distribute  studies  of  special  phases  of  the  sub¬ 
ject.  Thirty  states  represented  by  branches  or  committees. 
The  society  desires  co-operation  in  state  and  municipal  legis¬ 
lation  and  will  supply  literature.  Annual  convention  in 
November.  Publishes  a  bulletin. 

18 


Negro  Rural  School  Fund,  Anna  T,  Jeanes  Foun¬ 
dation  (1908),  571  Audubon  Street,  New  Orleans,  La., 

James  H.  Dillard,  President.  Purpose:  The  improvement  of 
negro  rural  schools.  Plans:  (1)  To  supply  the  salary  for 
a  supervisory  industrial  teacher  working  in  co-operation  with 
the  county  superintendent  of  schools;  (2)  to  locate  a  teacher 
at  some  central  school  who  shall  also  extend  the  industrial 
work  and  supervision  to  neighboring  schools;  (3)  to  put  what 
is  known  as  an  organizer  into  a  county,  who  shall  go  out 
among  the  people  and  encourage  them  to  school  improvement 
and  school  term  extension.  One  hundred  and  forty-nine 
workers  have  been  employed  under  one  or  another  of  these 
three  plans.  Correspondence  is  invited  on  simple  and  inex¬ 
pensive  manual  work  suitable  for  boys. 

Southern  Education  Board  (1901).  Union  Trust  Build¬ 
ing,  Washington,  D.  C.,  Wickliffe  Rose,  Executive  Secretary. 
Purpose:  Educational  work  in  the  southern  states.  Plans: 
For  the  immediate  future,  improvement  of  rural  schools. 
Publishes  proceedings  of  its  conferences. 

IV.  HEALTH. 

American  Academy  of  Medicine  (1876).  Dr.  Charles 
Mclntire,  52  N.  Fourth  Street,  Easton,  Pa.,  Secretary.  Pur¬ 
pose:  The  study  of  social  medicine  or  the  sociological  prob¬ 
lems  having  medical  factors.  Annual  meeting  usually  in 
June.  Also  holds  midyear  meeting  at  time  fixed  by  committee 
in  charge. 

American  Association  for  Study  and  Prevention  of 
Infant  Mortality  (1909).  Dr.  J.  H.  Mason  Knox,  Jr.,  Johns 
Hopkins  Medical  School,  Baltimore,  Md.,  President.  Purpose: 
The  study  of  infant  mortality  in  all  its  relations,  the  dis¬ 
semination  of  knowledge  concerning  its  causes  and  prevention, 
and  the  encouragement  of  methods  for  its  prevention.  It  con¬ 
ducts  personal  correspondence,  distributes  literature,  forms 
local  associations  and  holds  public  meetings.  Plans:  To  make 
special  study  of  birth  registration.  The  association  would 
like  to  have  the  benefit  of  inquiries  and  experiences  along  the 
lines  of  birth  registration,  milk  stations,  consultations  of 
nurslings,  and  co-operation  in  educating  public  opinion.  The 
first  conference  was  held  November,  1909.  Publishes  leaflets. 


19 


American  Association  for  the  Study  of  the  Feeble- 
Minded  (iS 76).  Faribault,  Minn.,  Dr.  A.  C.  Rogers,  Secre¬ 
tary.  Purpose:  To  discuss  all  questions  relating  to  the  causes 
of  feeble-mindedness  and  the  condition  of  the  feeble-minded; 
to  consider  their  management,  training  and  education,  and 
lend  influence  toward  the  establishment  of  institutions  for 
their  care.  Membership  composed  chiefly  of  those  engaged 
in  the  care  and  training  of  the  feeble-minded  in  the  various 
states  but  open  to  all  interested.  Annual  conference  held 
usually  at  one  of  the  state  institutions  for  the  feeble-minded 
in  the  month  of  May  or  June.  Publishes  a  quarterly  Journal 
of  Psycho-Asthenics. 

American  Medical  Association  (1847).  535  Dearborn 

Avenue,  Chicago,  Ill.,  Dr.  G.  H.  Simmons,  General  Secretary. 
Purpose:  To  promote  the  science  and  art  of  medicine  and  to 
endeavor  to  unite  in  one  compact  organization  the  medical 
profession  of  the  United  States  for  the  purpose  of  fostering 
the  growth  and  diffusion  of  medical  knowledge.  Meets  an¬ 
nually,  sometime  in  the  summer.  Publishes  weekly  The 
Journal  of  the  American  Medical  Association. 

American  Medico=Psy etiological  Association  (1844). 
Dr.  Charles  G.  Wagner,  Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  Secretary-treas¬ 
urer.  Purpose:  The  discussion  of  medical  topics,  chiefly  re¬ 
lating  to  the  care  of  the  insane.  Annual  meeting,  May  3-6, 
1910,  Washington,  D.  C.  Publishes  transactions,  including 
papers  read  at  annual  meetings. 

American  Public  Health  Association  (1872).  Dr. 
William  C.  Woodward,  1766  Lanier  Place,  Washington,  D.  C., 
Secretary.  Purpose:  The  development  and  advancement  of 
public  hygiene;  the  correlation  of  principles  and  practice;  and 
the  promotion  of  public  hygiene  as  a  distinct  profession.  At 
present  (1910)  has  a  laboratory  section,  section  on  vital 
statistics,  and  section  of  municipal  health  officers.  Member¬ 
ship  also  in  Canada,  Mexico  and  Cuba.  Annual  meeting 
in  the  autumn. 

American  Purity  Alliance  (1874).  156  Fifth  Avenue, 

New  York  City,  Miss  Elizabeth  Stover,  Secretary.  Purpose: 
Moral  education,  social  hygiene.  Plans:  Arrangement  of  a 


20 


model  course  of  study  for  teachers’  training  schools.  A  spe¬ 
cialized  library  on  sex  hygiene  at  the  service  of  those  inter¬ 
ested.  Annual  meeting  between  February  and  May.  In¬ 
vites  correspondence.  Publishes  leaflets  on  moral  education, 
also  a  bibliography. 

American  Society  of  Sanitary  and  Moral  Prophylaxis 
(1905).  Dr.  Prince  A.  Morrow,  66  W.  Fortieth  Street,  New 
York  City,  President.  Purpose:  To  limit  the  spread  of  dis¬ 
eases  wdiich  have  their  origin  in  the  social  evil;  to  study 
every  means,  sanitary,  moral  and  administrative,  which 
promises  to  be  effective  for  this  purpose.  Plans:  To  establish 
a  journal;  to  extend  the  work  along  educational  lines,  espe¬ 
cially  by  the  distribution  of  educational  pamphlets.  There 
are  fifteen  state  and  local  societies.  The  first  general  meeting 
of  these  will  be  held  in  St.  Louis,  June  10,  1910.  A  number 
of  pamphlets  for  sale  at  cost. 

Committee  of  One  Hundred  (of  the  American  As=* 
sociation  for  the  Advancement  of  Science)  on  National 
Health  (1907).  Drawer  45,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Prof.  Irving 
Fisher,  President.  Purpose:  To  establish  in  Washington  a 
National  Department  of  Health;  to  educate  public  opinion 
in  health  matters  and  further  health  legislation.  It  works 
toward  this  end  by  pamphlet,  newspaper  and  magazine  pub¬ 
licity,  having  distributed  nearly  a  million  pieces  of  mail 
matter  alone.  The  Committee  through  co-operation  with 
health  and  labor  organizations  has  aided  legislation  in  states 
and  has  effected  the  insertion  of  health  planks  in  both  na¬ 
tional  party  platforms;  and  has  stirred  insurance  companies 
to  enter  the  field  of  public  health. 

Committee  on  Prevention  of  Blindness  of  the  Rus= 
sell  Sage  Foundation  (1908).  105  E.  Twenty-second  Street, 
New  York  City,  Samuel  E.  Eliot,  Secretary.  Purpose:  To 
conduct  a  national  campaign  for  the  prevention  of  blindness; 
to  ascertain  the  direct  causes  of  preventable  blindness  and  to 
take  such  measures  in  co-operation  with  the  medical  profes¬ 
sion  and  others  as  shall  lead  to  the  elimination  of  such  causes. 
Plans:  To  disseminate  information  through  publications,  ex¬ 
hibits,  addresses  and  correspondence. 


21 


National  Association  for  the  Study  and  Prevention 
of  Tuberculosis  (1904).  105  E.  Twenty-second  Street,  New 
York  City,  Dr.  Livingston  Farrand,  Secretary.  Purpose:  To 
study  tuberculosis  in  all  its  forms  and  relations;  to  disseminate 
knowledge  concerning  it;  to  encourage  its  prevention  and 
scientific  treatment.  Plans:  In  the  immediate  future,  active 
field  campaign  with  traveling  exhibits  in  North  and  South 
Carolina,  Colorado,  Oklahoma  and  Arkansas.  Assistance 
given  in  organizing  new  work;  extension  of  press  and  pub¬ 
licity  bureau;  compilation  of  another  tuberculosis  directory; 
investigation  of  cost  of  maintenance  in  sanatoria  and  of 
mortality  from  tuberculosis  in  municipalities;  extension  of 
bureau  of  information  on  sanatorium  and  hospital  construc¬ 
tion.  The  Association  desires  to  be  kept  informed  of  de¬ 
velopments  in  its  field  in  various  communities  and  in  return 
will  co-operate  along  the  lines  of  tuberculosis  prevention  in 
any  way.  It  also  invites  correspondence  on  methods  of  con¬ 
ducting  national  propaganda,  of  press  and  publicity  work,  and 
the  cost  of  various  branches  of  work.  There  are  thirty-four 
state  associations.  Publishes  a  number  of  pamphlets. 

National  Association  for  the  Study  of  Epilepsy  and 
the  Care  and  Treatment  of  Epileptics  (1901).  Dr.  J.  F. 
Munson,  Sonyea,  N.  Y.,  Secretary-treasurer.  Purpose:  To 
stimulate  interest  in  epilepsy  and  epileptics  along  social  and 
medical  lines,  especially  to  advocate  public  care  in  separate 
institutions  where  research  may  be  carried  out.  Annual  con¬ 
ference  in  the  spring. 

National  Vigilance  Committee  (1906).  156  Fifth 

Avenue,  New  York  City,  Miss  Elizabeth  Stover,  Secretary. 
Purpose:  The  protection  of  women  and  girls  and  the  suppres¬ 
sion  of  the  white  slave  traffic.  Plans:  To  prepare  bills  on 
these  subjects  for  legislatures  which  meet  next  year,  and  form 
groups  in  each  state  to  push  them  through;  to  collate  the  laws 
of  each  state  relating  to  crimes  against  chastity;  to  investigate 
the  regulation  of  vice  in  one  hundred  cities.  It  asks  co-opera¬ 
tion  in  passing  and  enforcing  adequate  laws.  Has  a  reference 
library.  Publishes  leaflets  and  a  monthly  periodical,  Vigilance. 

Rockefeller  Sanitary  Commission  (1909).  Union  Trust 
Building,  Washington,  D.  C.,  Wickliffe  Rose,  Administrative 


22 


Secretary.  Purpose:  The  eradication  of  the  hookworm  disease. 
Plans:  To  organize  all  health  and  educational  forces  in  the 
southern  states  to  this  end. 


V.  INDUSTRY. 

American  Association  for  Labor  Legislation  (1906). 
1  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City,  John  B.  Andrews,  Secre¬ 
tary.  Purpose:  To  investigate  conditions  underlying  labor 
legislation  and  to  collect  and  disseminate  information  leading 
to  greater  care  and  uniformity  in  such  legislation.  Plans:  To 
publish  summaries  of  labor  legislation  immediately  after  state 
legislatures  adjourn;  to  disseminate  widely  information  con¬ 
cerning  the  legislative  aspects  of  industrial  education,  women’s 
work,  child  labor,  administration  of  labor  laws,  employers’ 
liability,  workmen’s  compensation,  occupational  diseases,  un¬ 
employment  and  industrial  hygiene.  It  has  eight  state 
branches.  Annual  convention  in  December. 

National  Child  Labor  Committee  (1904).  105  E. 

Twenty-second  Street,  New  York  City,  Owen  R.  Lovejoy, 
Secretary.  Purpose:  To  investigate  and  report  the  facts  con¬ 
cerning  child  labor;  to  raise  the  standard  of  public  opinion 
and  parental  responsibility  with  respect  to  the  employment  of 
children;  to  assist  in  protecting  children  by  suitable  legisla¬ 
tion  against  premature  or  otherwise  injurious  employment, 
and  thus  to  aid  in  securing  for  them  an  opportunity  for  ele¬ 
mentary  education  and  physical  development  sufficient  for  the 
demands  of  citizenship  and  the  requirements  of  industrial 
efficiency.  Plans:  Investigation  of  conditions  in  factory,  mine, 
sweatshop,  street  trade  and  agricultural  employment ;  or¬ 
ganization  of  state  and  local  committees;  activity  in  states 
holding  legislative  sessions;  co-operation  with  school  author¬ 
ities  for  development  of  practical  education.  There  are  thirty- 
one  state  and  eight  local  committees.  Annual  meeting 
usually  in  January.  Invites  correspondence  on  child  labor 
conditions  in  general,  and  on  factory  inspection,  compulsory 
education,  and  vocational  direction.  Publishes  for  distribution 
one  hundred  and  fifty  different  pamphlets. 

National  Civic  Federation  (1900).  1  Madison  Avenue, 

New  York  City,  Seth  Low,  President.  Purpose:  To  organize 


23 


the  best  brains  of  the  nation  in  an  educational  movement 
toward  the  solution  of  some  of  the  great  problems  re¬ 
lating  to  social  and  industrial  progress;  to  provide  for 
study  and  discussion  of  questions  of  national  import; 
to  aid  thus  in  the  crystallization  of  the  most  enlightened 
public  opinion;  and  when  desirable  to  promote  legislation  in 
accordance  therewith.  Plans:  At  present  the  work  of  the 
Federation  is  carried  on  through  the  following  departments: 
Trade  agreement,  industrial  conciliation,  industrial  economics, 
welfare,  woman’s  department,  industrial  insurance  commis¬ 
sion,  public  ownership  commission,  and  department  to  pro¬ 
mote  uniform  state  legislation. 

National  Consumers’  League  (1899).  105  E.  Twenty- 

second  Street,  New  York  City,  Mrs.  Florence  Kelley,  General 
Secretary.  Purpose:  To  promote  better  conditions  among  the 
workers  while  securing  to  the  consumer  exemption  from  the 
dangers  attending  unwholesome  conditions;  these  ends  to  be 
attained  by  adequate  investigation  of  the  conditions  under 
which  goods  are  made,  by  the  education  of  public  opinion, 
by  securing  especially  the  co-operation  of  the  consumer,  and 
by  legislation.  Plans:  Ten  hour  maximum  working  day 
for  women;  minimum  wage  boards;  public  school  education 
on  a  half-time  basis  for  working  boys  and  girls  over  sixteen ; 
the  prevention  of  food  adulteration.  A  Committee  on  Legisla¬ 
tion  and  Legal  Defense  of  Labor  Laws  helps  to  secure  and 
to  defend  in  the  courts  legislation  promoting  the  aims  of  the 
League.  This  work  is  organized  in  nineteen  states.  Annual 
meetings  at  a  date  fixed  by  the  Executive  Committee. 

National  League  of  Women  Workers  (1897).  Mrs. 
Henry  Ollesheimer,  Hotel  Savoy,  New  York  City,  President; 
Miss  Jean  Hamilton,  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  Secretary.  Purpose:  To 
develop  the  recreational  opportunities  for  working  girls  and 
secondarily  the  educational  opportunities;  to  accomplish  this 
through  the  organization  of  self-governing  evening  clubs, 
which  are  non-sectarian  and  collect  dues  from  their  members. 
Plans:  To  advise  with  and  build  up  old  clubs,  and  to  or¬ 
ganize  new  ones.  As  all  of  the  five  state  organizations  are 
in  eastern  states,  plans  for  the  immediate  future  include  the 
development  of  the  work  farther  west.  Old  age  insurance 


24 


among  club  members  and  the  extension  of  good  dance  fa¬ 
cilities  to  replace  the  old  type  of  public  dance  hall  are  now 
being  agitated.  Biennial  spring  conventions  of  club  mem¬ 
bers  in  different  cities,  and  annual  meetings  of  club  leaders 
in  New  York  City,  usually  in  May.  Correspondence  invited. 
Publishes  pamphlets  on  various  phases  of  club  work,  and  a 
monthly  magazine,  The  Club  Worker. 

National  Women’s  Trade  Union  League  of  America 

(1903).  275  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago,  Ill.,  Mrs.  Raymond 

Robins,  President.  Purpose:  To  promote  the  trade  organiza¬ 
tion  of  women  into  unions,  such  unions  to  be  affiliated  with 
the  American  Federation  of  Labor;  to  show  the  necessity  for 
collective  bargaining  and  to  forward  labor  legislation.  Plans: 
Placing  of  women  organizers  in  the  field  for  certain  trades; 
investigation  of  occupational  possibilities  for  women.  Organ¬ 
ized  in  seven  cities.  Biennial  convention,  next  meeting  at  Bos¬ 
ton,  June,  1911.  Publishes  a  national  handbook  and  proceed¬ 
ings  of  conventions. 

VI.  IMMIGRATION. 

Baron  de  Hirsch  Fund  (1891).  43  Exchange  Place,  New 
York  City,  H.  L.  Sabsovich,  Agent.  Purpose:  A  fund  for 
the  Americanizing  of  Jewish  immigrants  through  special 
schools  for  children  and  adults;  for  encouraging  adults  in 
mechanical  and  agricultural  lines;  and  for  assisting  immi¬ 
grants  to  become  self-supporting  by  co-operation  with  other 
institutions.  Plans:  To  increase  trade  and  agricultural  edu¬ 
cation  for  Jewish  immigrant  youth.  Schools  and  classes  are 
now  maintained  or  subsidized  in  a  number  of  immigration 
centers. 

Immigration  Restriction  League  (1894).  11  Pemberton 
Square,  Boston,  Mass.,  Prescott  F.  Hall,  Secretary  of  Executive 
Committee.  Purpose:  To  secure  needed  legislation  on  im¬ 
migration  matters  and  proper  enforcement  of  the  laws;  to 
distribute  information  concerning  conditions  of  immigration. 
It  advocates  a  more  careful  selection  of  immigrants,  but  not 
the  exclusion  of  any  whose  character  and  standards  fit  them 
to  become  citizens.  The  League  would  welcome  information 
on  the  effects  of  immigration  in  various  localities.  Publishes 
a  number  of  pamphlets. 


25 


National  Liberal  Immigration  League  (1906).  150 

Nassau  Street,  New  York  City,  Edward  Lauterbach,  Presi¬ 
dent.  Purpose:  To  secure  the  proper  regulation  and  better 
distribution  of  immigration ;  to  hold  public  meetings  and  pub¬ 
lish  and  distribute  literature  on  immigration  and  kindred  sub¬ 
jects.  There  are  two  local  branches.  An  annual  meeting  will 
be  held  this  autumn  (1910).  Publishes  a  number  of  pam¬ 
phlets. 


VII.  RELIGION  WITH  A  SOCIAL  AIM. 

Christian  Social  Union  (1889).  Church  House,  Twelfth 
and  Walnut  Streets,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Clinton  Rogers  Wood¬ 
ruff,  President.  Purpose:  To  study  how  to  apply  the  moral 
truths  and  principles  of  Christianity  to  the  social  and  economic 
difficulties  of  the  present  time.  Wishes  to  co-ordinate  its 
efforts  with  those  of  other  social  workers.  Especially  invites 
correspondence  on  labor  topics.  Publishes  a  series  of  pam¬ 
phlets,  of  which  the  latest  are  “The  Church  at  Work  Socially” 
and  “A  Short  History  of  the  Christian  Social  Union.” 

Church  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  the  In= 
terests  of  Labor  (Prot.  Epis.)  (1887).  Miss  Margaret 
S.  Lawrance,  416  Lafayette  Street,  New  York  City,  Corre¬ 
sponding  Secretary.  Purpose:  To  interest  the  clergy  and  laity 
of  the  church  in  the  social  questions  now  being  agitated;  to 
inform  them  as  to  the  nature  of  the  issues  presented;  and  to 
be  prepared  to  act  as  the  necessities  of  the  day  may  demand. 
Special  emphasis  is  placed  on  the  recognition  by  the  church  of 
organized  labor  and  on  fraternal  intercourse  with  it.  Com¬ 
mittees  on  organized  labor,  the  sweating  system,  tenement 
house  reform,  church  and  stage,  and  legislation.  Publishes 
Hammer  and  Pen. 

Department  of  Church  and  Labor  of  the  Board  of 
Home  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  (1903).  156 
Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City,  Rev.  Charles  Stelzle,  Superin¬ 
tendent.  Purpose:  To  interpret  the  church  to  workingmen 
and  workingmen  to  the  church;  to  interpret  employer  and 
employe  to  each  other  through  education,  inspiration,  media¬ 
tion,  evangelism  and  twentieth  century  methods  of  Christian 
work.  It  holds  mass  meetings  on  Sunday;  writes  articles  for 
26 


the  labor  press;  sends  fraternal  delegates  to  the  trade  unions; 
and  conducts  shop  meetings.  A  Labor  Temple  has  just  been 
opened  in  New  York.  Correspondence  courses,  conferences 
on  social  work  and  a  sociological  library  are  maintained. 
Publishes  leaflets. 

Department  of  Social  and  Public  Service,  American 
Unitarian  Association  (1908).  25  Beacon  Street,  Boston, 

Mass.,  Elmer  S.  Forbes,  Executive  Officer.  Purpose:  To  be 
of  service  to  Unitarian  churches,  or  to  any  other  organiza¬ 
tions  and  individuals  who  wish  it,  in  the  conduct  of  their 
social  work.  The  department  visits  Unitarian  churches,  men’s 
clubs  and  other  societies,  speaking  and  advising  on  social 
service,  and  is  engaged  in  work  among  the  Italians.  It 
would  welcome  officers  of  other  organizations  as  speakers  in 
Unitarian  churches  and  conferences  in  order  to  secure  co¬ 
operation  with  the  work  in  which  they  are  interested.  One 
session  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Unitarian 
Association  held  in  May  is  devoted  to  this  work.  Publishes 
the  Social  Service  Bulletin . 

Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 
(1908).  81  Bible  House,  New  York  City^  E.  B.  Sanford,  D.D., 
Secretary.  Purpose:  To  bring  the  Christian  bodies  of  Amer¬ 
ica  into  united  service  for  Christ  and  the  world;  to  secure 
for  them  a  larger  combined  influence  in  all  matters  affect¬ 
ing  the  moral  and  social  condition  of  the  people.  Plans:  To 
appoint  district  secretaries  to  have  charge  of  work  in  different 
sections  of  the  country;  to  aid  and  develop  state  and  local 
church  federations  and  to  give  information  in  regard  to  their 
programs  of  work.  This  council  consists  of  officially  appointed 
representatives  of  thirty-three  denominational  church  bodies. 

Industrial  Committee  of  the  National  Council  of  Con= 
gregational  Churches  (1904).  Prof.  Graham  Taylor,  955 
Grand  Avenue,  Chicago,  Ill.,  Chairman.  Purpose:  To  im¬ 
prove  industrial  conditions  and  relations  by  interpreting  them 
to  the  churches,  and  securing  their  initiative  and  co-operation 
in  efforts  to  this  end.  Plans:  To  federate  all  the  similar 
denominational  agencies  under  the  Federal  Council  of  the 
Churches  of  Christ  in  America.  The  local  state  associations 


27 


of  Congregational  churches  have  Industrial  committees.  A 
report  will  be  rendered  to  the  triennial  session  of  the  Council 
in  October,  1910. 

International  Committee  of  Young  Men’s  Christian 
Associations  (1879).  I24  E.  Twenty-eighth  Street,  New 

York  City,  Richard  C.  Morse,  General  Secretary.  Purpose: 
To  establish  and  assist  Young  Men’s  Christian  Associations 
and  to  promote  the  spiritual,  intellectual,  physical  and  social 
well-being  of  young  men  and  boys  through  the  following  de¬ 
partments:  Physical,  educational,  religious,  industrial,  col¬ 
lege,  colored,  boys’,  county  or  rural,  railroad  and  field.  State 
committees  are  organized  in  practically  every  state.  It  is 
a  fundamental  principle  of  the  Young  Men’s  Christian  As¬ 
sociation  not  only  to  work  for  its  members  but  to  consider 
the  young  men  and  boys  in  the  entire  community  its  field,  and 
it  endeavors  either  to  meet  their  needs  directly  or  to  work 
through  or  with  other  agencies  in  meeting  the  existing  needs. 
Some  of  the  social  types  of  work  now  receiving  special  at¬ 
tention  are  industrial  education,  the  enlistment  of  men  in 
social  service,  physical  welfare  work,  public  recreation,  com¬ 
munity  hygiene  and  work  for  immigrants.  The  Committee 
offers  to  co-operate  with  other  social  organizations  especially 
in  local  or  state  propaganda;  and  invites  correspondence  on 
investigations  and  movements  affecting  young  men  and  boys. 
Will  exchange  its  six  monthly  magazines  and  its  bulletins 
with  other  national  agencies.  Each  department  publishes 
pamphlets  about  its  special  work.  Triennial  convention  in 
October,  1910. 

Methodist  Federation  for  Social  Service  (1908).  Dr. 
Wm.  M.  Balch,  62 5  Central  Avenue,  Dover,  N.  H.,  General 
Secretary.  Purpose:  To  increase  the  social  spirit  under  the 
direction  of  the  Methodist  Church  and  to  employ  the  agencies 
of  that  church  for  social  service.  Plans:  To  publish  a  hand¬ 
book  of  social  service,  a  plan  of  social  service  for  village  and 
rural  churches,  and  literature  for  pastors  observing  Labor 
Sunday;  to  inquire  into  the  church  membership  of  the  labor¬ 
ing  classes;  to  conduct  correspondence  courses  on  social  study. 
Has  a  bureau  of  information  regarding  the  social  work  of  the 
Methodist  churches;  arranges  for  programs,  speakers  and  ma- 
28 


terials  for  sermons  on  social  topics.  Offers  to  help  procure 
the  co-operation  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  churches  for  any 
well  approved  social  reform.  Biennial  general  meeting  of  the 
Federation.  Publishes  nine  pamphlets  on  practical  methods 
of  social  service;  also  a  volume,  “The  Socialized  Church.” 

National  Board  of  the  Young  Women’s  Christian  As¬ 
sociations  (1907).  125  E.  Twenty-seventh  Street,  New  York 
City,  Miss  Mabel  Cratty,  General  Secretary.  Purpose:  To 
advance  the  physical,  social,  intellectual,  moral  and  spiritual 
interests  of  young  women.  Plans:  For  the  immediate  future, 
to  emphasize  the  adaptation  of  the  Association  to  rural  com¬ 
munities,  department  stores,  nurses’  training  schools  and  hos¬ 
pitals  ;  to  perfect  a  territorial  organization ;  to  work  out  a 
basis  for  the  financial  support  of  national,  territorial,  and 
local  work.  The  board  would  welcome  information  as  to 
untouched  communities  where  the  Association  might  supply 
a  need  and  as  to  new  lines  of  work  being  inaugurated  which 
might  have  a  bearing  on  Association  activities.  It  would  be 
helpful  to  include  local  associations  in  councils  on  betterment 
work  and  to  develop  other  forms  of  local  co-operation.  There 
are  local  associations  in  over  two  hundred  cities  besides  six 
hundred  in  schools.  Publishes  several  pamphlets  on  the  As¬ 
sociation  and  The  Association  Monthly . 

Social  Service  Commission  of  the  Northern  Baptist 
Convention  (1908).  Prof.  Samuel  Z.  Batten,  D.D.,  Des 
Moines  College,  Des  Moines,  la.,  Chairman.  Purpose:  To 
study  social  questions  and  report  findings  to  the  churches; 
to  create  literature;  to  suggest  practical  lines  of  social  effort; 
to  infuse  the  religious  spirit  into  efforts  for  social  ameliora¬ 
tion.  Plans:  To  publish  a  course  of  reading  on  social  serv¬ 
ice,  to  form  a  list  of  social  service  speakers,  to  inaugurate 
a  campaign  for  town  surveys  and  city  programs.  It  will 
endeavor  to  make  the  plans  of  other  organizations  effective 
in  the  Baptist  churches.  Publishes  pamphlets  and  a  monthly 
bulletin. 

Superior  Councils  of  the  Society  of  St.  Vincent  de 

Paul  (i860).  There  are  four  Superior  Councils  in  the  United 
States  as  follows:  New  York,  375  Lafayette  Street,  Thomas 
M.  Mulry,  President;  New  Orleans,  326  Camp  Street,  Thomas 


29 


G.  ’ Rapier,  President;  St.  Louis,  1023  Chestnut  Street,  J.  L. 
Hornsby,  President;  Chicago,  123  Throop  Street,  Richard  C. 
Gannon,  President.*  The  headquarters  of  the  Society  are  in 
Paris.  Purpose:  The  practice  of  a  Christian  life;  to  visit 
the  poor  in  their  dwellings  and  to  carry  them  succor  in  kind; 
to  promote  the  elementary  and  religious  instruction  of  poor 
children;  to  distribute  moral  and  religious  books;  and  to 
undertake  any  other  charitable  work  for  which  their  resources 
are  adequate.  Conventions  are  held  from  time  to  time  but 
at  no  stated  interval.  The  St.  Vincent  de  Paul  Quarterly  is 
published  by  the  Superior  Council  of  New  York. 

VIII.  TEMPERANCE. 

Anti=SaIoon  League  of  America  (1895).  Rev.  P.  A. 
Baker,  Westerville,  O.,  General  Superintendent.  Purpose:  To 
secure  the  ultimate  national  suppression  of  the  saloon  in  the 
United  States  and  its  progressive  local  repression  as  a  means 
to  that  end ;  to  secure  local  option  everywhere,  and  to  lead 
people  to  vote  “No”  under  that  privilege,  until  the  state  as 
a  whole  is  ready  for  prohibition ;  to  get  voters  to  support  legis¬ 
lators  and  local  officials  who  oppose  the  saloon.  It  is  or¬ 
ganized  in  every  state  and  is  in  form  an  affiliation  of  the 
church  bodies  against  the  saloon.  A  biennial  national  con¬ 
vention.  Publishes  The  American  Issue  and  many  leaflets. 

National  Woman’s  Christian  Temperance  Union 
(1874).  The  Willard,  Rest  Cottage,  Evanston,  Ill.,  Mrs. 
Frances  P.  Parks,  Corresponding  Secretary.  Purpose:  To 
protect  the  home  and  abolish  the  liquor  traffic;  to  secure 
statutory  prohibition  and  constitutional  amendments;  to  in¬ 
crease  scientific  temperance  education  in  the  public  schools. 
Plans:  To  extend  the  prohibition  territory;  to  erect  a  business 
building  as  an  annex  to  national  headquarters;  to  create  a 
temperance  library  and  reference  bureau.  Organized  in  every 
state  and  territory.  Annual  convention  in  November. 

IX.  PRISON  REFORM. 

American  Institute  of  Criminal  Law  and  Criminology 

(1909).  Northwestern  University  Building,  Chicago,  Ill.,  Ed¬ 
win  Rt  Keedy,  Secretary.  Purpose:  To  make  researches  and 
formulate  measures  for  the  improvement  of  criminal  justice. 


30 


Plans:  To  issue  reports  of  investigating  committees;  to  pub¬ 
lish  a  journal;  to  organize  state  branches.  The  Institute  wel¬ 
comes  information  on  its  subject  and  offers  to  help  other  so¬ 
cieties  to  organize  this  aspect  of  their  work.  There  is  one 
state  organization;  others  are  in  process  of  organization.  The 
second  annual  meeting  will  be  held  in  Washington,  D.  C., 
October  i,  1910.  Publishes  Journal  of  the  American  Institute 
of  Criminal  Law  and  Criminology. 

American  Prison  Association  (1871).  Joseph  P.  Byers, 
Box  15,  Station  L,  New  York  City,  General  Secretary.  Pur¬ 
pose:  To  confer  on  crime,  its  origin  and  prevention;  on 
criminals,  their  treatment  and  reformation;  on  criminal  legis¬ 
lation;  and  on  all  other  questions  covered  in  the  general 
field  of  criminology.  Annual  congress,  next  meeting  at  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  September  29  to  October  2,  1910.  International 
Prison  Congress  at  the  same  place,  October  2  to  8,  1910. 

National  Committee  on  Prison  Labor  (1909).  27  E. 

Twenty-second  Street,  New  York  City,  Miss  Helen  V.  Boswell, 
Secretary.  Purpose:  To  study  the  prison  labor  problem  and 
propose  satisfactory  solutions;  to  gather  data  and  statistics; 
to  awaken  public  interest  in  all  the  states.  Invites  corre¬ 
spondence  on  prison  labor  conditions,  the  industrial  aspect  of 
imprisonment,  the  competition  of  prison  labor,  the  prisoner’s 
share  in  his  product. 


X.  CITY  PROBLEMS. 

American  Civic  Association  (1904).  Richard  B. 
Watrous,  913-914  Union  Trust  Building,  Washington,  D.  C., 
Secretary.  Purpose:  To  cultivate  higher  ideals  of  civic  life 
and  beauty  in  America;  to  promote  city,  town  and  neighbor¬ 
hood  improvement;  to  secure  the  preservation  and  development 
of  landscape  and  the  advancement  of  outdoor  art.  It  aims  to 
make  living  conditions  clean,  healthful  and  attractive;  to 
extend  the  making  of  public  parks;  to  promote  the  opening 
of  gardens  and  playgrounds  for  children  and  recreation 
centers  for  adults;  to  abate  public  nuisances — including  bill¬ 
boards,  objectionable  signs,  needless  noises,  unnecessary  poles 
and  wires,  unpleasant  and  wasteful  smoking  factory  chimneys; 
to  make  the  buildings  and  the  surroundings  of  railway  sta- 


tions,  schools  and  factories  attractive ;  to  protect  existing 
trees  and  to  encourage  intelligent  tree  planting;  to  preserve 
great  scenic  wonders  from  commercial  spoliation.  Plans:  In 
particular  to  urge  comprehensive  city  planning;  to  direct  a 
national  crusade  against  the  house-fly.  There  are  four  hun¬ 
dred  affiliated  societies.  Has  an  annual  convention,  usually 
in  November.  Publishes  propagandist  literature  and  instruc¬ 
tive  bulletins  relating  to  the  physical  improvement  of  cities. 

National  Housing  Association  (1910).  105  E.  Twenty- 
second  Street,  New  York  City,  Lawrence  Veiller,  Secretary. 
Purpose:  To  improve  housing  conditions,  both  urban  and 
suburban,  in  every  practicable  way.  Plans:  For  the  present, 
to  do  intensive  work  in  those  cities  where  there  is  already  a 
housing  movement.  An  annual  conference  will  probably  be 
held.  The  organization  is  too  new  for  definite  plans,  but  is 
anxious  to  co-operate  with  other  national  movements. 

National  Municipal  League  (1894).  Clinton  Rogers 
Woodruff,  121  S.  Broad  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Secretary. 
Purpose:  To  promote  the  thorough  investigation  and  dis¬ 
cussion  of  civic  organization  activities  and  administration, 
of  methods  for  selecting  and  appointing  officials  in  American 
cities,  and  of  laws  relating  to  such  subjects;  to  co-ordinate 
the  forces  of  those  interested  in  municipal  integrity.  Plans: 
Extension  of  committee  work,  including  investigation  of  city 
budgets  and  finances,  instruction  in  civics  in  schools  and 
colleges,  school  extension,  the  police  problem,  franchises, 
municipal  health  and  sanitation.  The  League  asks  that  it  be 
kept  in  touch  with  the  development  of  municipal  affairs  in 
different  communities,  and  will  advise  in  local  municipal 
efforts.  Annual  convention  in  November.  Publishes  pam¬ 
phlets,  leaflets,  clipping  sheets,  and  an  annual  volume  of 
proceedings. 


INDEX  OF  ORGANIZATIONS 


American  Academy  of  Med¬ 
icine  .  19 

American  Asso.  for  Labor 

Legislation  . 23 

American  Asso.  for  Study 
and  Prevention  of  In¬ 
fant  Mortality  .  19 

American  Asso.  for  the 
Study  of  the  Feeble- 

Minded  . . . . .  20 

American  Asso.  of  Instruc¬ 
tors  of  the  Blind  .  18 

American  Civic  Association  31 
American  Inst,  of  Criminal 
Law  and  Criminology.  . .  30 
American  Institute  of  So¬ 
cial  Service  .  11 

American  Medical  Associ¬ 
ation  . .  20 

American  Medico-Psycho¬ 
logical  Asso . 20 

American  National  Red 

Cross  . .  12 

American  Prison  Asso.  ...  31 
American  Public  Health 

Association  .  20 

American  Purity  Alliance.. 20 
American  Society  of  Sani¬ 
tary  and  Moral  Prophy¬ 
laxis  . 21 

Anti-Saloon  League  of 

America  .  30 

Baron  de  Hlrsch  Fund ...  25 
Charity  Organization  De¬ 
partment  of  the  Russell 

Sage  Foundation  .  12 

Child-HelDing  Department 
of  the  Russell  Sage  Foun¬ 
dation  .  15 

Children’s  Conference  for 
Research  and  Welfare..  16 
Christian  Social  Union ...  26 
Church  Asso.  for  the  Ad¬ 
vancement  of  the  Inter¬ 
ests  of  Labor .  26 

Committee  of  One  Hundred 
on  National  Health  ....  21 
Committee  on  Prevention 
of  Blindness  of  the  Rus¬ 
sell  Sage  Foundation  . .  21 
Conference  on  the  Educa¬ 
tion  of  Backward,  Tru¬ 
ant,  Delinquent  and  De¬ 
pendent  Children  .  16 

Council  of  Jewish  Women.  13 
Department  of  Child  Hy¬ 
giene  of  the  Russell  Sage 

Foundation  .  16 

Department  of  Church  and 
Labor  of  Presb.  Church  26 
Department  of  Social  and 
Public  Service,  Unitarian 

Asso . 27 

Federal  Council  of  the 

_  Churches  of  Christ . 27 

Federated  Boys’  Clubs.  ...  16 


Federation  of  Day  Nur¬ 
series  . . . . 17 

General  Federation  of  Wo¬ 
men’s  Clubs  . . . .  13 

Immigration  Restriction 
League  ..............  25 

Industrial  Committee  of 
Congregational  Churches  27 
Methodist  Federation  for 

Social  Service  .... _ 28 

National  Asso.  for  the 
Study  and  Prevention  of 

Tuberculosis  . .  22 

National  Asso.  for  the 

Study  of  Epilepsy .  22 

National  Child  Labor  Com¬ 
mittee  . .  23 

National  Civic  Federation.  23 
National  Committee  on 

Prison  Labor  . 31 

National  Conference  of 
Charities  and  Correction  13 
National  Conference  of 

Jewish  Charities  . 14 

National  Congress  of 

Mothers  .  17 

National  Consumers’  League  24 
National  Education  Asso¬ 
ciation  .  is 

National  Federation  of  Re¬ 
medial  Loan  Societies..  14 
National  Housing  Asso. ..  .  32 
National  League  of  Wo¬ 
men  Workers  .  24 

National  Liberal  Immigra¬ 
tion  League .  26 

National  Municipal  Leasrue  32 
National  Probation  Offi¬ 
cers’  Association  .  17 

National  Society  for  Study 

of  Education  . ’.  18 

National  Society  for  the 
Promotion  of  Industrial 

Education  . 18 

National  Vigilance  Com¬ 
mittee  . . 22 

National  W.  C.  T.  U .  30 

National  Women’s  Trade 
Union  League  .........  25 

Negro  Rural  School  Fund.  19 
Playground  Association  of 

America  . 17 

Rockefeller  Sanitary  Com¬ 
mission  . 22 

Russell  Sage  Foundation . .  14 
Social  Service  Commission 
of  the  Northern  Baptists  29 
Southern  Education  Board  19 
St.  Vincent  de  Paul,  Supe¬ 
rior  Councils  of . 29 

Survey  Magazine  .... _  15 

T.  M.  C.  A.,  International 

Committee  .  28 

W.  C.  A.,  National 
Board  .  29 


